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What is it?
Rapids are a series of very short and fast-flowing turbulent falls of water along a part of river. The water is relatively shallow.

How it is formed:
Rapids are formed due to a sudden steepening of the stream gradient, but without a sufficient break in slope to form a waterfall, or from the river flowing over a series of thin layers of hard and soft rock.

The 3 main arrangements of the resistant rocks which may give rise to a rapid are:
1. Horizontal resistant strata or sills.
2. Resistant strata or sills gently dipping upstream.
3. Vertical resistant strata dykes.